CBC (Complete Blood Count)

CBC (Complete Blood Count)

The Complete Blood Count (CBC) test is one of the most commonly prescribed diagnostic blood tests. It provides vital information about the composition and health of your blood, including red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs), and platelets. This test serves as a baseline health indicator and helps in the diagnosis and monitoring of a variety of conditions ranging from infections and anemia to immune system disorders and certain cancers.

Types of CBC Parameters Tested

• Hemoglobin (Hb): Measures oxygen-carrying capacity of red blood cells
• Hematocrit (Hct): Proportion of red blood cells in the blood
• Red Blood Cell Count (RBC): Total number of red blood cells
• White Blood Cell Count (WBC): Total number of white blood cells
• Platelet Count: Assesses the blood's ability to clot
• MCV (Mean Corpuscular Volume): Size of red blood cells
• MCH & MCHC: Measure of hemoglobin content in red cells
• Differential Count: Breakdown of WBCs (Neutrophils, Lymphocytes, Monocytes, Eosinophils, Basophils)

Uses of CBC Test

• Detects and monitors infections
• Diagnoses various types of anemia
• Evaluates immune system function
• Monitors chronic illnesses like leukemia, kidney disease, or autoimmune conditions
• Assists in pre-surgical assessments
• Tracks treatment progress for diseases affecting blood cells
• Identifies causes of symptoms such as fatigue, weakness, fever, bruising, or bleeding

Preparation

• Fasting: Not usually required
• Hydration: Drink water before the test to make blood draw easier
• Medication: Inform your healthcare provider about any medications or supplements you’re taking
• Relaxation: Stay calm before the test for accurate results

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

1. What is the purpose of a CBC test?
The CBC helps assess your general health and detect disorders such as infections, anemia, and blood cancers.

2. Is fasting needed before a CBC test?
No, fasting is not typically required unless advised along with other blood tests.

3. How is the CBC test performed?
A healthcare professional draws a small blood sample from a vein, usually in your arm.

4. How long does it take to get CBC results?
Most CBC results are available within 12 to 24 hours.

5. Is the test painful?
The test involves only a minor prick; any discomfort is brief and minimal.

6. Can a CBC detect cancer?
It can indicate abnormal blood cells that may suggest leukemia or other blood disorders, but additional tests are needed for a definitive diagnosis.

7. What can cause abnormal CBC results?
Infections, inflammation, vitamin deficiencies, bone marrow disorders, and certain medications can affect CBC values.

8. How often should I get a CBC test?
Your doctor may recommend it during annual checkups, or more frequently if you have ongoing symptoms or chronic conditions.