Endoscopic Procedures

Endoscopic procedures use a flexible tube with a camera (endoscope) inserted through natural openings (mouth or anus) to visually inspect internal organs of the digestive tract. They help diagnose, monitor, and sometimes treat gastrointestinal disorders without major surgery.

Types of Procedures

• Endoscopy (Upper GI Endoscopy or Esophagogastroduodenoscopy - EGD):
  A minimally invasive procedure to examine the upper digestive tract — esophagus, stomach, and the first part of the small intestine.
• Colonoscopy:
  A procedure to inspect the entire colon (large intestine) and rectum for abnormalities such as polyps, inflammation, or cancer.
• Sigmoidoscopy:
  Similar to colonoscopy but examines only the sigmoid colon and rectum, a shorter segment of the large intestine.

Uses of Endoscopic Procedures

• Detect ulcers, inflammation, tumors, bleeding, or infections in the digestive tract
• Screen for colon cancer or precancerous polyps
• Investigate causes of abdominal pain, chronic diarrhea, constipation, or unexplained weight loss
• Biopsy suspicious areas for pathological examination
• Remove polyps or foreign bodies
• Monitor known GI diseases like Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis

Preparation

• Endoscopy:
  • Fast for at least 6-8 hours before the test (no food or drink)
  • Avoid certain medications as advised by your doctor
• Colonoscopy & Sigmoidoscopy:
  • Clear liquid diet 24 hours before procedure
  • Bowel cleansing with prescribed laxatives or enemas
  • Avoid eating or drinking for several hours before the test
  • Arrange for someone to accompany you home post-procedure due to sedation effects

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

1. Are endoscopic procedures painful?
Generally, sedation is provided, so discomfort is minimal. You may feel mild pressure or cramping.

2. How long does the procedure take?
Typically 15 to 60 minutes depending on the type.

3. Can I eat or drink after the test?
Usually, you can resume eating and drinking after a short observation period, but follow your doctor’s instructions.

4. Are there risks involved?
Risks are low but can include bleeding, infection, or perforation. These are rare and managed promptly.

5. When will I get the results?
Preliminary results may be shared immediately; biopsy results take a few days.

6. Can polyps be removed during the procedure?
Yes, polyps or small growths can often be removed during the same session.

7. How often should I undergo these tests?
Depends on your risk factors and medical history; follow your doctor’s advice.

8. Do I need to stop medications before the test?
You may need to stop blood thinners or other medications temporarily—consult your doctor.